(1) Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning
Deep learning architectures: MLPs, RNNs, LSTMs.
Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs), Graph Neural Networks (GNNs).
Autoencoders, generative AI, reduced-order modelling, LLMs/SLMs.
AI-integrated digital twins for predictive maintenance and real-time optimisation.
Explainable AI (XAI) and deep reinforcement learning for optimisation/control.
(2) Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) & Numerical Simulation
Design and customisation of CFD solvers for complex flows.
Unstructured meshes, immersed boundary methods.
Hydrodynamic instability analysis.
High-speed aerodynamics: transonic, supersonic, and hypersonic flows.
Custom OpenFOAM solvers for multiphase and advanced flow physics.
(3) Multiscale & Multiphysics Modelling
Molecular dynamics for materials.
Coupling computational, data-driven, and experimental approaches for energy systems.
Heat transfer at the micro- and nano-scales.
Multiphysics simulation tools for complex energy and thermal systems.
(4) Thermal Energy Storage & Solar Energy Systems
Phase change materials (PCM), cascaded thermal storage.
Solar collector design.
Nanofluids for enhanced heat transfer.
Industrial and domestic thermal storage applications.
(5) Magnetohydrodynamics & Nanofluid Dynamics
Thermal-fluid simulation under varying magnetic field conditions.
Modelling magnetic susceptibility, Brownian motion, and localised magnetic forces.
(6) Energy Systems Optimisation
Genetic algorithms for system geometry optimisation.
Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) for selection.
Integration of solar, thermal, and building energy systems.
(7) Techniques and Specialised Methods
Semi-Lagrangian advection, FFT-based PDE solvers, and custom Laplacian solvers.
Phase change modelling (enthalpy–porosity method).
Dirichlet/Neumann boundary conditions on staggered grids.
Multiphase flow modelling and instability analysis.
Structural and thermal analysis for engineering systems.
Experimental setup design for thermal systems.
Genetic algorithm–based optimisation.
(8) Software & Technical Tools Engineering & Simulation
OpenFOAM – Customised solvers for multiphase/complex flows.
TRNSYS – Simulation of solar and thermal energy systems.
ANSYS / ANSA – Meshing and modelling for automotive and thermal systems.
Elmer, Gmsh, FreeCAD – Multiphysics, geometry creation, meshing.
NX CAD, CATIA – CAD modelling, manufacturing drawings, GD&T.
Programming & Data Science
MATLAB and Python – Robotics, Monte Carlo ray tracing, thermal simulations, Machine learning, numerical methods, game development.